Higher Education in Cambodia and the Atypical Example of the History Department at RUPP 2
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the past few years, Cambodia has seen an explosion in the growth of Higher Education that has been, to a large extent, absorbed by the dramatic rise in the number of private Universities. There are now some 106 campuses across the country. In the academic year, 2007-8, there were 110,090 bachelor degree students enrolled, among which 46,395 were in public Universities and 63,695 in private ones, according to Ministry of Education figures. There were also 15,802 Associate Degree students and 11,209 post –graduate students (over twice the number of the previous year).The vast majority of students - even in state universities - pay fees of about $400 a year. More than half of the 5,184 postgraduate students in Cambodian Higher Education Institutions 2006-2007 took an MBA or a related financial management course. Enrolments are now over 12 times the number in 1996. Scholarships do not exist - only a few of the best students are exonerated from paying those fees. Unlike all other Departments of the Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP), the History Department has not been renovated and is not connected to any other in the region or in the West. Recruitment is low: there are only cohorts of about 30 students for each of the 4 years. The Department is supposed to train upper secondary school teachers for the entire country. It has 11 lecturers, 5 of whom have a Master. None have a PhD. This subject is not very popular in Cambodia among students these days, as teachers are poorly paid. Ces dernières années, le Cambodge a vu une grande explosion dans la croissance de l’éducation supérieure, surtout absorbée par l’essor dramatique des universités privées. Il existe maintenant 106 campus dans le pays. D’après les chiffres du Ministère de l’Éducation, 110.090 bacheliers se sont inscrits dans les universités pendant l’année universitaire 2007/2008, dont 63.695 dans des universités privées et 46.395 dans des universités publiques. Il y avait également 15.802 étudiants inscrits dans des filières universitaires technologiques, ainsi que 11.209 étudiants de troisième cycle. La plupart des étudiants, même dans les universités publiques, payent des droits de scolarité de 400 dollars américains par an. Plus de la moitié des 5.184 étudiants de troisième cycle des institutions universitaires cambodgiennes ont étudié un MBA ou un cours d’administration en 2006/2007. L’inscription est aujourd’hui 12 fois plus élevée en nombre qu’en 1996. Il n’existe pas de bourses – seulement quelques uns des meilleurs étudiants ne payent pas. Contrairement à tous les autres départements de l’Université Royale de Phnom Penh (RUPP), le département d’histoire n’a pas été rénové et n’est connecté à aucune des régions de l’ouest. Le recrutement est peu important: les cohortes sont seulement de 30 étudiants tous les quatre ans. Le département est censé préparer des professeurs de collèges dans tout le pays mais il n’a que onze chargés de cours, dont cinq ont une maîtrise. Aucun d’entre eux n’a de doctorat. Cette matière n’est plus très populaire de nos jours au Cambodge car les professeurs sont mal payés.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".