New standard precast concrete bridge beams: stage 1 - identification of new standard beam shapes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of Stage of this research project (carried out in 2002-2003) was to research and identify the most appropriate precast concrete bridge beam shapes that should be adopted in New Zealand as industry standards for the future. This research was considered a priority as the standard bridge beam designs currently used in New Zealand had been adopted as industry standards in the 1970s. These designs are therefore almost 30 years old and out-of-date with respect to design codes, construction techniques, and the higher strength materials now commonly used. A literature survey was made of standard beam usage in Australia, United Kingdom, United States and Canada along with a survey of current New Zealand practice. Following a survey of manufacturers of precast bridge beams, and three consultation workshops, a range of key beam selection criteria were developed that would need to be addressed in any future designs. The recommendation is that full designs for two existing beam shapes (hollow core and I beam) and one new shape (Super-T) are carried out in the second stage of the project. (a)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".