Bibliographic record
Abstract
The low-fare arm of the airline industry may be reaching the end of its immunity to the economic woes that have plagued the higher-priced, more established carriers. Low-cost carriers (LCCs), however, have had their share of financial problems. Most airlines started since the deregulation of the U.S. market have failed. America West, according to Standard and Poor's, is the only post-deregulation carrier started in that period that is still flying. In Europe LCCs are facing increasing challenges. A recent study shows that LCCs are likely to boost their share of passengers from 19% to 33% by 2010, up from just 5% in 2000, but many of them will go out of business before then. European network carriers appear well-positioned to withstand LCC challenges. Slower growth is expected to create over-capacity, and the smaller carriers are already committed to major expansion of their fleets. Surplus flights are starting to show up at places like Dublin, Cologne and Brussels, and some routes are being discontinued. Another factor is the growing convergence of charter, scheduled and LCC offering. The article also examines LCC trends in the U.S., Canada, and Asia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".