Hohlprofilstreben mit Verbindungselementen aus Stahlguss unter Erdbebenbelastung / Tubular brace members with cast steel connectors under seismic loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Es wird ein Stahlgussverbindungselement zum Anschluss von Diagonalen mit runden Hohlprofilen in Fachwerk- und Rahmenkonstruktionen unter Einwirkung von Erdbeben vorgestellt. Dieses Verbindungselement ermoeglicht den Anschluss von Rundhohlprofilen an Knotenbleche. Es wurde mit einer Finite-Element-Analyse auf der Basis von Volumenelementen entwickelt und die Tragfaehigkeit mittels Versuchen festgestellt. Vor den Versuchen wurde zunaechst ein Prototyp entworfen und eine versuchsgestuetzte Machbarkeitsstudie durchgefuehrt. Die Machbarkeitsstudie war erfolgreich, so dass Versuche im Originalmassstab erfolgen konnten. Insgesamt wurden vier Probekoerper mit unterschiedlichem Durchmesser der Hohlprofile angefertigt, die dann in einer Universalpruefmaschine einer quasi-statischen zyklischen Zug- und Druckbeanspruchung unterworfen wurden. Alle vier untersuchten Bauteile ueberstanden die als Eignungpruefung geltenden Versuche mit den vorgegebenen Einwirkungen. Die Versuche wurden aber weiter bis zum Versagen der Pruefkoerper fortgesetzt. In den Pruefkoerpern bildeten sich dann infolge Knickens faecherfoermige plastische Gelenke jenseits der Enden der Verbindungselemente in der freien Laenge der Knotenbleche aus. Nach entsprechender Anzahl von Druckwechseln trat bei allen vier Probekoerpern lokales Beulen in der Mitte der Rundhohlstrebe auf. Bei der anschliessenden Zugbeanspruchung versagten dann die Streben an dieser Stelle. Die Stahlgusselemente selbst zeigten in saemtlichen Versuchen keinerlei Anzeichen von Plastizierungen. Zusammenfassend wird festgestellt, dass sich die entwickelten Stahlgussverbindungselemente sehr gut zur Anwendung bei zyklischen inelastischen Einwirkungen eignen und die unter Erdbebeneinwirkung geforderten Vorgaben erfuellen. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Although concentrically braced frames are an efficient and popular choice for the lateral force resisting systems of mid- to low-rise steel frames, their bracing connections may be prone to premature failure unless complex design and fabrication procedures are undertaken. Frames utilizing hollow structural section (HSS) braces, slotted to receive a concentric welded gusset plate, are particularly susceptible to connection fracture due to stress concentrations arising from the shear lag phenomenon at the net-section. To address this issue, a cast steel connector was developed at the University of Toronto that provides a bolted connection between a circular hollow section (CHS) brace and a typical corner gusset plate. Unlike standard, fabricated, slotted-tube type connections, the cast connector is designed such that shear lag in the brace member is virtually eliminated. Thus, there is no need for cumbersome reinforcing plates in the connection region. The connector was designed using solid modeling software and finite element analysis, and cast using ASTM A958 grade steel, which is very similar to most wrought grades. This contribution presents the results of a series of full-scale brace tests in which four moderately slender, compact, cold-formed CHS brace assemblies were cyclically loaded to failure. Each of the brace assemblies employed a different size of CHS and cast steel connector, with the latter in turn bolted to a typical corner gusset plate. Each of the tests followed the buckling restrained brace protocol specified in the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) seismic provisions. All of the braces survived several cycles beyond the protocol and failed in tension at the center of the brace. In each test the cast steel connectors showed no sign of yielding, illustrating that the use of a cast steel connector is a viable means of connecting CHS brace members for seismic applications. (A)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".