Inheritance of seed coat colour in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is the second most important oilseed crop in western Canada. Seed colour is used in Canada to distinguish the two main market types from each other. Regular, high linolenic acid flax must have brown seed while "zero" linolenic acid solin flax must be yellow-seeded. The most frequent seed colours in flax are brown and yellow and are determined by genes at three loci (G, B1 and D). Yellow seed colour results when homozygous recessive alleles are present at any of the loci. A dominant allele for yellow seed colour as well as a recessive allele for variegated seed have been recently identified but their interaction to the other genes was unknown. Hence, the main objective of this research was to determine the allelic relationships among the various genes conditioning seed colour in flax. Eleven flax lines, five with a recessive yellow seed phenotype [(YSED2, YSED4, S95407 and S96071 (CDC recessive yellow)] and G-1186/94 (European recessive yellow), two dominant yellow seed (YSED18 and CPI84495), three brown seed (ED47, Vimy and CDC Bethune) and one variegated seed (M96006), were crossed in all possible combinations, excluding reciprocal crossings. Following these crosses, test crosses were performed using five USDA introductions in order to determine the seed colour alleles possessed by each parental line. The five USDA introductions (Minerva, Bolley Golden, Viking, Crystal and Bionda) had defined alleles for yellow seed colour. Chi-squared tests of goodness-of-fit to various one and two gene segregation ratios indicated that yellow seed colour in the CDC recessive yellow parents (YSED2, YSED4, S95407 and S96071) was conditioned by the recessive allele of the g locus. Yellow seed in the European recessive yellow was controlled by a recessive allele of a different locus, d. A dominant allele of the Y1 locus, governed yellow seed colour in the dominant yellow parents (YSED 18 and CPI84495). The variegated seed colour in the variegated parent (M96006) was conditioned by a newly described allele of the b1 locus, b1vg. All loci segregated independently and the recessive genes, b1vg, g and d when homozygous recessive were epistatic to the other loci. Seed colour was known to affect seed oil concentration and oil concentration of homozygous brown, yellow or variegated lines was determined. Yellow or variegated seed lines had greater oil concentration than brown seed. Yellow seed conditioned by the d allele had the most significant effect on high oil concentration while b1vg.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".