Effect of Surface Expansion and Compression on the Surface Tension of 1-octanol Solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates how expansion and compression of the surface of a drop containing an organic compound, 1-octanol, affect surface tension. The experiments were performed in a closed chamber where the effect of 1-octanol concentrations in both liquid and gas phases on the surface could be studied. The concentration of 1-octanol varied from 0.2 mM to 2.92 mM (about 70 % of it’s water solubility). Experiments showed surface tension decreased upon compression and increased upon expansion. In expansion when the drop’s concentration (at water environment) was greater than 0.5 mM and when the change in surface area of the liquid phase was greater than 5%, the surface tension of the drop exhibited a rapid decrease followed by a gradual increase, back to the “equilibrium ” value prior to the expansion. For this case, using Buckingham theorem, a dimensionless parameter was derived and a regression model was fitted to the experimental results of response time delay (the time gap between the change in surface area and the surface tension’s response) versus dimensionless parameter. Comparing the dimensionless parameter and the regression model a unique equation Δγ =
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".