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Record W581631868 · doi:10.26077/0sp7-pm52

The FREJA Magnetospheric Research Satellite Design and Flight Operations

2025· article· en· W581631868 on OpenAlex
Sven Grahn

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueDigital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicSpacecraft Design and Technology
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSatelliteIonosphereMeteorologyRemote sensingComputer scienceEnvironmental scienceAstrobiologyAerospace engineeringPhysicsGeographyGeophysicsEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The FREJA magnetospheric research satellite was launched on October 6, 1992 as a "piggyback" payload on a Long March 2C rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in China. The satellite is in an orbit between 601 and 1756 km at 63.0° inclination. FREJA is a sun-pointing spinner with a 2.2 m diameter and 214.0 kg mass. The Swedish Space Corporation is the Prime Contractor to the Swedish National Space Board. FREJA images the aurora and measures particles and fields in the upper ionosphere and lower magnetosphere. Swedish, German, Canadian and U.S. instruments are flown on the satellite. Ground stations are Esrange, Sweden and the Prince Albert Satellite Station in Canada. This paper is an overview of FREJA emphasising design procurement, engineering, management and operations methods used to achieve a low program cost (14 M$ incl. launch, excl. experiments).

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.912
Threshold uncertainty score0.488

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.224
Teacher spread0.204 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it