Locomotor behaviour, emotionality, and cognition in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: A cross-sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The triple transgenic (3xTg-AD) mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) possesses three transgenes that lead to the development of amyloid-beta (A?) plaques (APPswe, PS1M146V) and neurofibrillary tangles (and tauP301L) (Oddo et al., 2003b). Although the neuropathology of these mice has been extensively studied (Sy et al., 2011), less research has been done to investigate their working memory, emotionality, and locomotor-related behaviour. Using a cross-sectional design, male and female 3xTg-AD mice were compared to control mice (B6129SF2/J) at five ages (2-, 6-, 9-, 12-, and 15-months of age) on a battery of five tests designed to measure: anxiety- and locomotor-related behaviours (open field [OF], elevated plus maze [EPM]); depression (forced swim test [FST]); motor coordination and motor learning (rotarod); and working and reference memory (8-arm radial maze [RAM]). Additionally, the brain tissue of male and female 3xTg-AD and control mice at 2- and 15-months of age was analyzed for the presence of A? plaques and human tauP301L. 3xTg-AD mice were found to travel less and freeze more in both the OF and the EPM, engage in fewer bouts of immobility in the FST, have a longer latency to fall on the rotarod, and make more working and reference memory errors in the RAM than controls. There was no effect of age on performance in any of the tests. Intracellular A? plaques and limited human tau were present in the brain tissue of 2-month old 3xTg-AD mice. At 15-months of age, the brain tissue of 3xTg-AD mice showed extensive intra- and extracellular A? plaques as well as tauP301L staining. The presence of intracellular A? at 2-months of age supports the behavioural differences observed in the 3xTg-AD mice at 2-months of age. However, the lack of progressive behavioural change does not match the increase in neuropathology seen in the brains of the 15-month old 3xTg-AD mice. The results of the present study suggest that while the 3xTg-AD mice display similar neuropathology and some of the behavioural differences seen in individuals with AD, they also exhibit contradictory behaviours; findings that should be taken into consideration for future researchers using 3xTg-AD mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".