Le concept d'état fédéral multinational : essai sur l'union des peuples
Bibliographic record
Abstract
En Ecosse, au Pays basque, en Catalogne ou au Quebec, des voix s'elevent pour denoncer l'Etat-nation. Refusant la domination de la culture majoritaire - britannique, castillane et anglophone -, les nations minoritaires appellent a la constitution de veritables Etats multinationaux. Longtemps juge comme une chimere de la philosophie, le XXIe siecle serait-il alors sur le point de concretiser une veritable union juridique et politique de peuples ? Le federalisme multinational, desormais central dans les discours des peuples premiers et des nations en quete de reconnaissance de leur identite, offre effectivement un veritable champ d'experimentation pour la Belgique, le Canada, l'Espagne, l'Italie, la Suisse, la Russie et tant d'autres pays en Europe de l'Est et en Afrique. Toutefois, ce projet revele aussi une ambition exceptionnelle. Celle d'abord de la stabilite politique dans des societes cosmopolites et multiculturelles souvent dechirees par les clivages linguistiques, ethniques ou religieux. Celle ensuite d'un pacte entre nations transcendant les theories de l'Etat et du federalisme jusque-la structurees autour du principe d'unite culturelle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".