Physical Illness as an Outcome of Chronic Anxiety Disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The literature indicates increased rates of some medical conditions in patients with anxiety disorders. We used the Saskatchewan Health databases to examine the development of nonpsychiatric medical diseases in patients with anxiety disorders. This study has a large population base, and the Saskatchewan health plan does not limit the provision of services to this population. METHOD: We observed the annual incidence of specified medical conditions in patients with anxiety disorders and in control subjects over a 10-year period. Subjects in both groups had not been treated for the specified medical conditions before the start of the observation period. RESULTS: The anxiety cohort had a significantly higher relative risk of developing medical diseases compared with the control group. The highest relative risk, indicated by the hazard ratio, was for cerebrovascular disease (hazard ratio 2, 95% CI 1.09-3.65). Hazard ratios were significant for cerebrovascular disease and atherosclerosis as well as for ischemic heart, gastrointestinal, hypertensive, and respiratory diseases. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides additional evidence for an association between anxiety disorder and the later development of medical morbidity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".