The Role of Integrated Border Enforcement Teams in Maintaining a Safe and Open Canada-United States Border
Bibliographic record
Abstract
After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the Bush administration believed that the Canada-US border, which was largely unguarded between official ports of entry, was at risk to terrorism and other criminal activity. Canada's economic stability depends on the US market and open Canada-US border, so Canadian policymakers proposed a bilateral border security agreement to keep the border open to trade and closed to illegal activity. The result was the Smart Border Declaration, implemented in December 2001. The Declaration stipulated that Integrated Border Enforcement Teams (IBETs) would be expanded across Canada and the US. These joint Canada-US teams share intelligence and patrol the border between ports of entry. This thesis assesses whether IBETs have met their operational objectives since 9/11. The extent to which Integrated Border Enforcement Teams have fulfilled the objectives of the Declaration are critically examined, as are outcomes of shared intelligence through IBETs and their presence between ports of entry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".