Bibliographic record
Abstract
A powerful winter storm crippled much of the eastern United States and Canada during mid-December 2009. What would later become known as the North American Blizzard of 2009, this storm produced record snowfall amounts for the month at numerous locations across the Mid Atlantic and New England regions and resulted in seven fatalities. This paper will examine the synoptic and mesoscale conditions present as the event unfolded from 0000 UTC 17 Dec to 0000 UTC 21 Dec 2009. The event can be categorized as a Miller A type storm which developed in the Gulf of Mexico on 16 Dec and produced copious amounts of snowfall from North Carolina to Nova Scotia between 18-20 Dec 2009. A review of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern indicates a strong negative pattern during the month which is more favorable for the development of strong wintertime storms. A synoptic review is the first step in understanding why this event occurred so early in the winter season and may shed light on new avenues of research relating NAO and severe winter weather.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".