"The Last Line of Defence for Citizens": Litigating Private Health Insurance in Chaoulli v. Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Litigating health care policy under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has become an increasingly common phenomenon. The judicialization of health policy in this form raises important questions about the general phenomenon of legal mobilization. This article examines these questions in the context of Chaoulli v. Quebec (2005), in which the Supreme Court invalidated Quebec's prohibition against private insurance for medical services provided through the public health care system. Among the questions this article explores are: How do such cases get into the judicial system? Under what conditions are such claims likely to be successful? What is the impact of such litigation on the broader policy environment?
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.042 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.023 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".