Tillage effects on soil penetration resistance and early crop growth for red river clay
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wang, Y., Y. Chen, S. Rahman and J. Froese. 2009. Tillage effects on soil penetration resistance and early crop growth for Red River clay. Canadian Biosystems Engineering/Le genie des biosystems au Canada 51: 2.xx 2.xx. Understanding tillage effects on soil penetration resistance is essential for selection of tillage practices to improve soil structure and crop performance in clay soils. A field study was carried out from 2003 to 2005 to investigate alternative tillage systems for poorly drained Red River clay in Manitoba. The crops were barley in 2003, oat in 2004, and wheat in 2005. The field trial included three tillage systems: subsoiling (SS), direct seeding (DS), and conventional tillage (CT). The subsoiling was further studied for three different scenarios: the 1 year (SS1), 2 year (SS2), and 3 year (SS3) after subsoiling to examine the persistence of the subsoiling effect. Soil properties (soil cone index and soil moisture content) and early plant performance (speed of crop emergence, plant density, and plant biomass) and weed biomass were also measured. The results showed that when compared with CT, SS tended to promote lower soil moisture content, reduced soil penetration resistance, improved the plant performance, and reduced weed biomass. Mixed results of soil moisture content were obtained when comparing DS with CT. As for soil cone indices and the crop performance, DS was better than or comparable with CT. Effects of different subsoiling scenarios on the soil cone index followed the trend: SS1BSS2BSS3, i.e., soil was recompacted over time following subsoiling. However, both SS1 and SS2 generally had a lower soil cone index and better crop performance than CT, meaning that the benefit of subsoiling persisted for at least two years.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it