An object-oriented approach to urban land-cover and land-use classification
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The greater availability of remotely sensed high-resolution imagery and recent advances in object-oriented analysis allows for more detail than ever before in urban image classification. This thesis explores object-oriented land-cover and land-use classifications with 1-meter resolution Ikonos imagery for an area in Mississauga, Ontario. First, three different ways of classifying land cover, with varying inclusion of ancillary building and road data, are examined. Second, the spatial relations of the land-cover information are examined to derive land use. Formal accuracy assessments, as well as statistical and visual evaluations, for the land-cover and land-use classifications show that the object-oriented approach works well for classifying an urban area. The results of this thesis confirm the observed trend in the literature to move away from the traditional pixel-based techniques for urban image classification in exchange for object-oriented classification methods; which include shape, textural, and contextual information in addition to spectral information.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".