Trucking in a Borderless Market: A Profile of the Canadian Trucking Industry, 1988 to 1994
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Canadian For-hire trucking industry has experienced important changes to its operating environment beginning with deregulation in 1987 and followed closely by the signing of the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This paper investigates the size, structure and activity of Canada's For-hire trucking industry in the context of these regulatory and economic changes. Under the FTA and NAFTA, the removal of tariffs resulted in an increased volume of commodity movements and a reorientation of traffic north and south. Trucking activity has reflected these emerging trade patterns while the size and structure of the industry has adapted to a more competitive environment. To quantify these changes, data from the Motor Carriers of Freight and the For-hire Trucking Origin and Destination survey programs are analyzed for the period 1988 to 1994. Other collaborative sources of data are also examined, such as Canada's exports and imports. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these events on Canadian For-hire trucking carriers. For the covering abstract of this conference see IRRD number 872753. (A)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".