Disulfiram Implants in the Treatment of AlcoholismSome Mechanisms of Action
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For nearly 20 years, disulfiram implanted subcutaneously, has been used in alcoholics who have failed to respond to other treatment. Significantly positive results have been reported in a large number of cases. Despite this extensive use, many questions remain as to how these effects are exerted. As the reaction to alcohol following disulfiram implantation occurs less frequently and in lower intensity than following oral ingestion, psychological mechanisms probably play a vital role. Based in part on out own recent series of cases, the following explanations are offered regarding the possible mechanisms of action: (1) high motivation to stop drinking is manifested by agreeing to the precedure and reinforced by the procedure; (2) palpable presence of hte drug in the site of implantation; (3) generally sufficient reactivity of the agent to indicate activity to the patient;(4) in obsessional patients there is a removal of the fear of resumption of drinking for an extended period of time. For the more sociopathic patients the implant appears to provide a more structured ego boundary to allow the patient to change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".