Measurements of the ion fraction and mobility of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-decay products in liquid xenon using the EXO-200 detector
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alpha decays in the EXO-200 detector are used to measure the fraction of charged $^{218}\text{Po}$ and $^{214}\text{Bi}$ daughters created from $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decays, respectively. $^{222}\text{Rn} \ensuremath{\alpha}$ decays in liquid xenon (LXe) are found to produce $^{218}\text{Po}^{+}$ ions $50.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.0%$ of the time, while the remainder of the $^{218}\text{Po}$ atoms are neutral. The fraction of $^{214}\text{Bi}^{+}$ from $^{214}\text{Pb} \ensuremath{\beta}$ decays in LXe is found to be $76.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5.7%$, inferred from the relative rates of $^{218}\text{Po}$ and $^{214}\text{Po} \ensuremath{\alpha}$ decays in the LXe. The average velocity of $^{218}\text{Po}$ ions is observed to decrease for longer drift times. Initially the ions have a mobility of $0.390\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\text{cm}}^{2}/(\text{kV}\text{s})$, and at long drift times the mobility is $0.219\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\text{cm}}^{2}/(\text{kV}\text{s})$. Time constants associated with the change in mobility during drift of the $^{218}\text{Po}^{+}$ ions are found to be proportional to the electron lifetime in the LXe.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".