Diagnosing and Understanding the AMOC Biases in NorESM
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigate the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) featuring isopycnal ocean component (MICOM). The Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 5 (CMIP5) NorESM historical simulations showed a decline of the AMOC after 1980 concurring with the recent observations from RAPID-MOCHA program. The NorESM future projections predict reduction of the AMOC with 12 to 30% under different warming (RCP2.6-RCP8.5) scenarios. In the CMIP5 model intercomparison project, the NorESM ocean component demonstrated an intense AMOC and took place in the upper end of the AMOC magnitudes model range. The NorESM AMOC strength was found to be sensitive to oceanic grid resolution and whether coupled or uncoupled configuration is used. However, the AMOC tends to be on the strong side in all configurations. In order to find the causes of this vigorous AMOC we carried out a careful diagnostics of the AMOC and explored possible relationship to the model biases found in the Atlantic thermohaline structure, and water mass formation. Several processes has been investigated to understand further their connection and significance to the AMOC strength and variability: 1) The North Atlantic Mode Waters Formation (STMW and SPMW); 2) The Labrador Sea Water Mass formation and variability. Furthermore, the AMOC sensitivity to sub-grid scale physical parameterizations such as isopycnal eddy mixing and the impact of model resolution on the representation of overflows is examined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".