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Record W609789322

Decline in Toad Populations in Central Oklahoma

2015· article· en· W609789322 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Arthur N. Bragg

Bibliographic record

VenueProceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science · 2015
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicPlant and animal studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSpring (device)ToadGeographySeasonal breederSound (geography)EcologyZoologyFlood mythBiologyFisheryArchaeologyGeologyOceanography
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

From 1936 to 1943 at all appropriate times and places toads could be heard In and about Norman In medium to large numbers, depending upon conditions prevailing. In one place, tor example, just northwest of the city limits breeding Individuals ot Bufo cognatus Say were so abundant one night In 1938 that removal ot over 400 males made no discernible difference In the sound made by the calls. It was a common experience in Norman to hear congresses ot B. woodhousii woodhousii Girard on the Canadian River flood plain, two or three miles away, so numerous were the toads at times. Spadefoots (Spea bombi/rons Cope) and small forms like Microhyla carolinensis olivacea Hallowell), Pseudacris clarkii Baird and Ps. atreckeri W. & W. were also very abundant as judged by the numbers of calls heard. In 1941, heavy rains in late spring and early summer gave optimum conditions for breeding and thousands of young of the prairie forms emerged after the most successful breeding year known in thi8 region (1).

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.284
Threshold uncertainty score0.225

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.139
GPT teacher head0.287
Teacher spread0.147 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2015
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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