Postcranial Anatomy of Edmontosaurus regalis (Hadrosauridae) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Edmontosaurus regalis is common in the latest Campanian deposits of Alberta, Canada, and is known from numerous articulated cranial specimens and isolated bonebed material. Despite its large sample size and long research history, only the cranial skeleton has been described in detail with little reference to postcrania, the majority of which remained unprepared at the time of its original description. This study presents the first full description of the postcrania of E. regalis based on CMN 2289, the paratype of the species. In addition, this study presents the most completely figured postcranial skeleton of a hadrosaurid to date. CMN 2289 preserves an almost complete dorsal vertebral column, along with a complete pelvis and almost complete set of limbs, which allows for comparisons with other hadrosaurids. Quantitative analyses of dorsal vertebral morphology reveal important variations within a single individual, with implications for phylogenetic character construction. There is an overall increase in the centrum height and width along the dorsal series, compared to an overall decrease in centrum length. A high amount of variation is noted in spine height along the dorsal series. Limb proportions in CMN 2289 between the distal and proximal limb segments, as well as between the forelimb and hindlimb, are similar to other hadrosaurids and suggest little ontogenetic variation. A revised body mass estimate of E. regalis is presented at 7963 kg, twice that proposed by previous studies and similar in size to its sister taxon, E. annectens.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it