Species richness, abundance and reproductive responses of riparian birds to habitat restoration in the Okanagan Valley
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In western North America, most riparian habitats have been destroyed or degraded as a result of human settlement and urban development. I examined temporal trends in the abundance, richness and breeding performance of riparian birds in response to restoration of remnant riparian habitat within the south Okanagan Valley, an arid region of Canada. Total abundance and richness increased over the last decade. Restoration increased the abundance of Yellow-breasted Chats (Icteria virens auricollis), the target of management activities, but did not have a detectable effect on the abundance of other songbirds. The habitat characteristics and breeding performance of Yellow-breasted Chats in restored habitat are currently similar to those of Yellow-breasted Chats in reference sites. Habitat characteristics on multiple spatial-scales (shrub cover of the territory and foliage height of the nest patch) influenced the breeding performance of Yellow-breasted Chats. These results provide evidence that limiting grazing is beneficial to some shrub-nesting songbirds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".