Marriage and Divorce in a Multicultural Context: Multi-Tiered Marriage And The Boundaries Of Civil Law And Religion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. Multi-tiered marriage: reconsidering the boundaries of civil law and religion Joel A. Nichols 2. Pluralism and decentralization in marriage regulation Brian H. Bix 3. Marriage and the law: time for a divorce? Stephen B. Presser 4. Unofficial family law Ann Laquer Estin 5. Covenant marriage laws: a model for compromise Katherine Shaw Spaht 6. New York's regulation of Jewish marriage: covenant, contract, or statute? Michael J. Broyde 7. Political liberalism, Islamic family law, and family law pluralism Mohammad H. Fadel 8. Multi-tiered marriages in South Africa Johan D. van der Vyver 9. Ancient and modern boundary crossings between personal laws and civil law in composite India Werner Menski 10. The perils of privatized marriage Robin Fretwell Wilson 11. Canadian conjugal mosaic: from multiculturalism to multi-conjugalism? Daniel Cere 12. Marriage pluralism in the United States: on civil and religious jurisdiction and the demands of equal citizenship Linda C. McClain 13. Faith in law? Diffusing tensions between diversity and equality Ayelet Shachar 14. The frontiers of marital pluralism: an afterword John Witte, Jr and Joel A. Nichols.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".