Bibliographic record
Abstract
I studied 7,565 women admitted for labor and delivery in two free-standing charity birth centers that I established in the Philippines. The births occurred between February 8, 1996, and December 31, 2003. Midwives conducted all of the deliveries that occurred in the birth centers. The midwives were certified professional midwives (CPM) or licensed midwives (LM) from the USA, Canada and the Philippines. They supervised student midwives enrolled in the Mercy In Action College of Midwifery & Primary Health Care and dual-enrolled in the National College of Midwifery's Associate of Science in Midwifery program. These students were from all around the world. The birthing women were at higher than average risk of a poor pregnancy outcome because of demographic factors: most were poor, often malnourished and living in crowded urban slum conditions. Ninety-two percent of the women and 34% of their spouses were unemployed, and only a little over half were married. In spite of the poverty, 95% of the women had spontaneous vaginal birth; 83% had blood loss less than 500 ml; 85% of the babies required no resuscitation effort; 67% of the labors were without fetal distress or meconium staining; and 90% of the babies were of normal birth weight. Transfers to a hospital after admission occurred 7% of the time, with half taking place before delivery and half after delivery. Neonatal mortality was 4.1 per 1000.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.011 | 0.017 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.053 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".