"An Outsider with Inside Information:" The 1.5 Generation in Lan Cao's Monkey Bridge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Family Frames: Photography, Narrative, and Postmemory, Marianne Hirsch uses term postmemory to describe transmission of traumatic memory from Holocaust survivors to their second-generation children, but with exception of work of Susan Rubin Suleiman, little work has been done on perspective of 1.5 generation Holocaust survivors. In response to this discursive gap, I want to turn our critical lens to another part of world, Southeast Asia, and examine 1.5 generation's experience of Viet Nam conflict by analyzing mother-daughter relationship in Lan Cao's Monkey Bridge . In this paper, I argue that Cao presents us with two types of post-traumatic memory: traumatic adult memory of mother Thanh and traumatic child memory of her 1.5 generation daughter Mai. As someone who experienced Viet Nam Conflict as an adult, Thanh has knowledge and understanding to explain historical and familial forces behind her family's separation, but desires nothing more than to protect her daughter from her family's painful past. Mai, as someone who survived war at a young age, is unaware of potentially damaging truth about her family's history. As a 1.5 generation survivor whose identity is not yet fully formed, Mai needs guidance from her mother to make sense of her fragmented memory, inherit what Thanh calls the family's karma, (229) and incorporate this past into her Vietnamese-American identity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".