Transnational Corruption, Violations of Human Rights and States’ Extraterritorial Responsibility: A Case for International Action Strategies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although transnational corruption in Failing States is evidence of bad governance, its reconstruction as a gross violation of human rights – especially economic and social rights – is fairly recent. The present study argues that violation of economic and social rights through transnational corruption is linked to State failure, which in turn has transnational spill-over repercussions that threaten the common interests of international peace and security. The international community has extraterritorial human rights obligations to devise appropriate responses to current destruction of the economic foundations of Failing States and stop the economic crimes perpetrated by corrupt regimes against their own people. This paper argues that domestic anti-corruption institutions are inadequate to contain this problem and this inadequacy necessarily requires coordinated international or regional action. Such international action may include managerial strategies to reengineer and manage political culture change in Failing States, and legal strategies to confront the impunity of Failing States, individual perpetrators and their associates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.050 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.015 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".