Evolution of Adults’ Weekday Time Use Patterns from 1992 to 2010: A Canadian Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the weekday time use patterns of Canadians aged 20 years or older using pseudo-panel analysis of four waves of data from General Social Survey (GSS) compiled for the years 1992, 1998, 2005 and 2010. The study contributes to activity pattern literature by estimating the Scaled Multiple Discrete Continuous Extreme Value (MDCEV) model for non-workers and workers with a comprehensive set of activity purposes. The analysis allows the authors to examine the influence of individual socio-demographics (such as person age, gender, employment status) and household socio-demographics (such as household structure). Further, observed and unobserved effects of the year of data collection are also explicitly considered in the authors' analysis enabling them to examine trends in activity participation across the years while controlling for various attributes. The results provide evidence that the authors' proposed approach provides an appropriate framework to study activity participation decision process evolution in time. Further, the authors undertake a trend analysis and illustrate how baseline utility for various activity purposes changes for various demographic groups across the years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".