THE NEW ALPHABET ROUTES : RAILROADS COMPETE AND COOPERATE FOR TRAFFIC IN NEW ENGLAND
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The complexities of routing freight through the crowded Northeast corridor to serve the densely populated six states that make up New England are being tackled by rail lines' decision to cooperate and piece together routes over a network that is divided among a few big players and some 30 short lines. Because the more logical route, the one along the coast, is crowded with passenger and commuter traffic that forces freights off to sidings to accommodate business and pleasure travelers, the freight operators shift to different routes. CSX has a 197-mile line from Albany, NY, to Boston. Worcester, 44 miles west of Boston, is a major intermodal hub for containers, mainly from Asia. Norfolk Southern has no track of its own and so partners with local carriers. To the north, CN and CP are competing for Canadian business. Competition and incentive routing create ever- changing alliances and route structures to more freight swiftly into and out of the region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".