Design, Construction, and Monitoring of Four Innovative Concrete Bridge Decks Using Non-Corrosive FRP Composite Bars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the construction details, testing, and monitoring results of four FRP reinforced concrete bridges recently constructed in North America. Three bridges, Joffre Bridge, Wotton Bridge, and Magog Bridge, are located in Quebec, Canada. While the fourth one, Morristown Bridge, is located in Vermont, USA. All four bridges are girder-type with main girders made of either steel or prestressed concrete. The main girders are simply supported over spans ranging from 26.2 to 43.0 m. The deck is a 200 to 230 mm thickness concrete slab continuous over spans of 2.30 to 3.7 m. Different types and reinforcement ratios of FRP reinforcing bars as well as conventional steel were used as reinforcement for the concrete deck slab. Furthermore, the four bridges are located on different highway categories, which means different traffic volume and environmental conditions (frequency of using de-icing salts). The bridges are well instrumented at critical locations for internal temperature and strain data collection using fibre optic sensors. These gauges are used to monitor the deck behaviour from the time of construction to several years after completion of construction. Three of the bridges were tested for service performance using standard truckloads. The construction procedure, field tests and monitoring results, under real service conditions, showed very competitive performance to concrete bridges reinforced with steel. For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD number E211395.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".