Bibliographic record
Abstract
Part 1 Income maintenance in comparative perspective -introduction: paying for social rights, Ola Sjoberg poverty in the UK - a comparison with 19 other countries, Jonathan Bradshaw and Jun-Rong Chen social protection versus tax benefits, Adrian Sinfield. Part 2 Comparative welfare state theory - the analysis of regime types: hybrid or unique - the Japanese welfare state between Europe and America, Gosta Esping-Andersen identifying welfare state regimes - the links between politics, instruments and outcomes, Frances G. Castles and Deborah Mitchell how to design a liberal welfare state - a comparison of Canada and the United States, John Myles beyond European welfare regimes -comparative perspectives on East Asian welfare systems, Huck-Ju Kwon the paradox of redistribution and strategies of equality -welfare state institutions, inequality and poverty in the Western countries, Walter Korpi and Joakim Palme. Part 3 Social assistance, unemployment and the class: social assistance in OECD countries, Ian Gough et al the development of social assistance and unemployment insurance in Germany and Japan beyond social security - the economic value of giving money to unemployed people, Jochen Clasen watching the defectives - observers of the underclass in the USA, Britain and Austalia, Krik Mann. Part 4 Issues about family policy and familist ideologies: gender and the social rights of citizenship - the comparative analysis of gender relations and welfare states, Anna Shola Orloff dual welfare and sex segregation of access to social benefits - income maintenance policies in the UK, the US, the Netherlands and Sweden, Diane Sainsbury the Southern model of welfare in social Europe, Maurizio Ferrera gender, cash and informal care - European perspectives and dilemmas, Clare Ungerson conclusions, Jonathan Bradshaw et al. Part 5 The comparative analysis of cutbacks: welfare states under pressure - cash benefits in European welfare states over the last ten years, Mary Daly Eurosclerosis in European welfare states - regime theory and the dynamics of change, Peter Taylor-Gooby politics against convergence? current trends in European social policy, Giuliano Bonoli et al a new convergence? recent policy developments in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, Francis G. Castles et al. Part 6 Pensions policy - forces towards a convergence: summary and policy implications, OECD a risky strategy - reflections on the World Bank report Averting the old age crisis, Roger Beattie and Warren McGillivray the measurement of social security convergence - the case of European public pension systems since 1950, Paul Johnson.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.149 | 0.034 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".