Examination of the Impact of a Hands-Free Regulation on In-Vehicle Calling Volume
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In October 2009, Ontario passed a regulation requiring hands-free operation of cell phones in moving vehicles. A question about such regulations is whether they have a significant effect on the use of cell phones while driving. This paper examines the use of cell phones in moving vehicles in the month before the regulation was passed compared to the use of cell phones after the regulation was enforced. The comparison was made using a very large data set containing the calling patterns of over 2 million unique cellular phones. The cellular phone data was collected through a probe vehicle traffic information system, which allowed the phone data to be separated into calls made in moving vehicles versus non-moving phones. The volume of in-vehicle calls made in September 2009 was compared to the volumes of calls made in February 2010 to determine the effects of the regulation on the use of phones while driving. There was no significant change in calling rates after enactment of the regulation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it