How Missing a Treatment of Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended Release Affects Performance in Teen Drivers with ADHD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended Release (MAS-XR or Adderall XR®) is a stimulant medication used to control symptoms of ADHD. People occasionally fail to take their medications. The goal of this pilot study was to assess the impact of a single missed medication on driving performance in 14 teen drivers with ADHD mixed type as a function of driving skill. A double-blind placebo control crossover design was used and participants were tested in a driving simulator. On the evening of the first day, baseline measures of driving performance were taken to assess driving skills (on medication). Then on two consecutive days drivers were tested three times a day, one day on medication and the other day off. Results indicated increased collisions and hazard response time off medication, with performance worst on 36 hours post-medication. Participants with the least developed driving skills benefited most from medication. This highlights the importance of consistent medication use in inexperienced teen drivers with ADHD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".