Bibliographic record
Abstract
Travel declines with age. People aged 80 and over make less than half the number of journeys, and travel less than a quarter of the distance of those aged 50-54. For people aged 50-54, car travel accounts for three-quarters of journeys by men, and two-thirds by women. For those aged 80 and over, less than half of the journeys are by car. About two-thirds of women aged 50-54 are drivers in households with a car. In contrast, three-quarters of women aged 80 and over live in households without a car. The number of shopping and personal business trips made by men from their mid-50s is much higher than for younger men, peaking at nearly ten trips a week for men in their early 70s. Less than one trip in five is on foot for men aged 50-54, increasing to more than one in three for men aged 80 and over, when men make almost the same proportion of trips on foot as women. Older people are traveling more than a decade ago. For example, men aged 75-79 traveled about 3,500 miles on average in 1996/98, nearly half as far again as men in this age group in 1985/86.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".