The Potential of Urban Freight Consolidation for the Toronto Central Business District
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In large metropolitan centres, multiple courier and small package delivery companies often deliver large amounts of goods to many receivers in a small area, which leads to opportunities to improve efficiency by consolidating these goods at an urban freight consolidation centre. In this study, a consolidation centre is proposed to serve the Toronto Central Business District (CBD) and located on the south east corner of the study area. Demand for goods delivery in the Toronto CBD is simulated and assigned to numerous courier and small package delivery companies. Delivery vehicles are routed through the study area to determine the total distance travelled with and without freight consolidation. Multiple scenarios with varying numbers of participating companies and levels of market share are tested. The results show that savings in total vehicle-kilometres travelled is positive in the majority of scenarios, and the savings increase as the number of participating companies increase, and decrease as the number of deliveries for these participating companies increase.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".