Role of calcium in regulating the production of urine by the Malpighian tubules of <i>Rhodnius prolixus.</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background R. prolixus Malpighian tubules require very efficient transport machinery and regulatory mechanisms to prevent catastrophic imbalances in intracellular ion composition. Recently, we have demonstrated that tubules stimulated with the diuretic hormone serotonin (5HT) trigger intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ ) waves that play a pivotal role in the regulation of ion transport . Questions: What is the intracellular second messenger pathway triggered by 5HT? What is coded in the intracellular Ca 2+ waves? Methods Mass spectrometry (MS) techniques were employed to analyze the changes in intracellular proteome between non‐stimulated (control) and 5HT‐stimulated tubules. The effect of individual protein changes on the regulation in M. tubules was studied using pharmcology . Intracellular Ca 2+ imaging was used to study the effect of altering the ion transport properties of the tubule on 5HT‐stimulated Ca 2+ waves. Results 5HT‐stimulated intracellular Ca 2+ signaling are blocked by treatment with PLC and IP3 receptor inhibitors. Ca 2+ waves are modulated by blockers of ion transporters (bumetanide). MS analysis showed differences between control and 5HT‐stimulated groups. We detected kinases WNK and OSR1 that have been shown to regulate ion transport in vertebrate system. This is the first time that these kinases are reported in R. Prolixus . Conclusion Intracellular Ca 2+ is triggered by PLC and IP3 and modulated by ion and fluid flux. We propose that the amplitude modulation of the Ca 2+ signal may be important in coding for the ion transport state of the cells. The global proteomics analysis indicates that WNK and OSR1 may be involved in the regulation of 5HT‐stimulated fluid secretion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".