Mechanism of uridine 5′‐triphosphate‐induced Ca(2+) waves in rat basilar artery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP) is a potent vasoconstrictor and induces Ca2+ waves in cerebral arteries. We investigated the mechanism of UTP-induced Ca2+ waves in rat basilar artery using the Ca2+-sensitive dye Fluo-4 and confocal microscopy. UTP elicits cyclic increases in intracellular Ca2+ which progressively decrease in amplitude and correspond to transient force generation. Initiation of Ca2+ waves is dependent on Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), as blockade of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase with cyclopiazonic acid abolishes Ca2+ waves. Their initiation is not affected by inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors with 2-aminoehoxydiphenylborinate, but depletion of the ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ stores by caffeine preincubation prior to UTP stimulation abolishes the Ca2+ waves. Finally, although blockade of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (L-VGCCs) does not affect Ca2+ waves, removal of extracellular Ca2+ significantly decreases their duration. These findings suggest that Ca2+ waves in rat basilar artery are linked to force generation and are due to repetitive cycles of Ca2+ release from the ryanodine-sensitive component of the SR, but extracellular Ca2+ influx through channels other than L-VGCCs is important for their maintenance, presumably by supplying Ca2+ for SR refilling. This work was funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".