Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While the 200,000-square-mile Bakken shale, which is located in parts of Montana, North Dakota, and Saskatchewan, Canada, produces the largest amount of crude oil, there are more than a dozen other shales west of the Mississippi that are—or could be—generating crude and/or natural gas traffic for railroads. This drilling began in 2011 and is projected to continue for quite a while as long as the price of oil doesn't remain below $60 a barrel for an extended period of time and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) doesn't regulate or ban drilling. Today's wells, how they are drilled, and the presence of several layers that contain oil look positive for rail as long as enough rail capacity is in place. Traffic is expected to be sustainable for at least 10 years or longer if producers seek to tap more oil due to the scarcity of pipelines. Oil producers and refiners are likely to show their commitment to rail by investing in freight cars and crude-by-rail facilities.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it