Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the early 1990s a major gas utility company in Ontario began the development of keyhole technology using long-handled tools to allow operations such as cast iron pipe leak repairs, service reconnections and the installation of cathodic protection, to be undertaken through a 450 mm diameter core hole in the pavement. This avoided the need for conventional open road cuts and reinstatement. To further enhance the benefits of this technology, a program of laboratory testing and field trials were undertaken in the City of Toronto (City) to allow efficient core removal, followed by vacuum excavation and finally a system that would allow the removed core to be used to permanently reinstate the pavement. Laboratory trials were undertaken on 20 potential bonding agents to identify a product that would be fast-setting with rapid strength gain so that repaired pavements could be opened to traffic in less than an hour. The cementitious bonding compound which was specially designed for the process was used on a number of field trials in the City. The reinstated cores were monitored for performance over a seven year period in sections of composite pavement. Based on the results of these trials, the procedure was approved for use in the City as a permanent utility cut repair. This paper will review the development of this technology, other areas of application, and the benefits it offers in terms of providing a faster, better and more sustainable method for utility repair and maintenance. For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD record number 201310RT334E.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".