IT GOT WORSE : US MAJOR AIRLINES FOLLOW UP A YEAR OF RECORD LOSSES... WITH ANOTHER YEAR OF RECORD LOSSES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A year of record losses for the U.S. majors has been followed by another year of record losses. The 10 largest U.S. airlines collectively lost more money in 2002 than in 2001. That figure includes the $5 billion government bailout distributed in 2001. Again, Southwest did the well, emerging as the only profitable carrier in the group for both periods. The biggest loser was American Airlines parent, AMR Corp. Holiday traffic was stronger than anticipated, creating a fourth-quarter bump, but other unusual charges took away from the bottom line. Fourth-quarter operating revenues rose 14.2%, reducing the combined operating loss to $3.4 billion from $4.8 billion. Revenues for the year declined 7.3%, while operating costs dropped 6.7%. Operating losses for AMR were $3.33 billion, versus $2.47 billion. UAL ended about $300 million than AMR. Figures for other majors are included, along with charts of yields and costs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".