Investigation of the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Radiation-induced Bystander Effects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The overall aim of this study was to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in radiation-induced bystander effects in HaCaT cells, predominantly at low-doses of irradiation. They do not follow the original dose-response theory and exhibit a unique cascade of signalling events, which are under intense investigation for radiation risk purposes. An in vitro system was first used to observe the bystander effect, comparing two cell viability assays while measuring apoptotic cell death in these known reporter HaCaT cells and established the most sensitive assay for bystander responses Downstream bystander signalling events were then investigated through gene expression studies of apoptotic genes over a complex time-course with different low doses to reveal very specific changes in bystander responses. The expression pattern profile revealed novel unique bystander-induced apoptotic signalling pathways in different low doses of irradiation. Proteomic methods using 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy further revealed novel proteins which were significantly over or under–expressed in the bystander reporter cells but using an ex-vivo fish model. These results revealed an induction of protection of the cells in response to oxidative stress and modulation of cell death processes. The data generated in this thesis has led to the proposal of two distinct and comparative signalling pathways of a cellular radiation induced bystander response for 0.05 Gy and 0.5 Gy ionising radiation. These novel pathways have expanded our knowledge in the cellular and molecular mechanisms which occur when a cell receives a bystander signal and may have future clinical considerations and implications for patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment plans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".