Corrosion of Alloy 316 SCWO Reactor Tubing in Ammoniacal Sulfate Solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A bench-top supercritical water reactor was constructed for the purposes of conducting corrosion and fouling experiments. The reactor’s austenitic 316 stainless steel tubing was exposed to ammoniacal ammonium sulfate solution under supercritical water oxidation conditions to a maximum temperature of 500°C at 3600 PSI. Despite an initial pH of 10 at 25°C, the oxidizing ammoniacal solution led to severe alloy degradation within less than 40 minutes of exposure. Corrosion rates are estimated to be on the order of 140 to 560 mm.yr-1. The reactor tubing was sectioned and the corrosion morphology and oxide composition was analyzed. Homogeneous oxide films which were formed at lower temperatures appeared to thin between 350 and 400°C. A bi-layered inner chromium and outer iron oxide formed at temperatures between 110 and 310°C. At temperatures above 400°C the oxide appeared to be mostly chromium oxide. The results of the morphological analysis were compared to effluent analyses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".