Identification of Pinnatoxins\nand Discovery of Their\nFatty Acid Ester Metabolites in Mussels (Mytilus edulis) from Eastern Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pinnatoxins are a group of fast-acting cyclic imine toxins\npreviously\nidentified in shellfish from Asia, the southern Pacific, and northern\nEurope. In this work pinnatoxins were detected in mussels from locations\nacross the eastern coast of Canada. Pinnatoxin G (<b>6</b>)\nwas the major structural variant present, sometimes at levels >80\nμg/kg, whereas much lower levels of pinnatoxin A (<b>1</b>) were detected in some samples. Increased concentrations were observed\nfollowing base hydrolysis of extracts, leading to the discovery by\nLC-MS of a range of fatty acid esters of <b>6</b>. Information\non the structures of these acylated derivatives was provided through\na series of mass spectrometric experiments, supported by partial synthesis,\nand it is proposed that the compounds are 28-<i>O</i>-acyl\nesters of <b>6</b>. Although acyl esters of a range of other\nphycotoxins are known to form as metabolites in shellfish, this is\nthe first report of their existence for this particular toxin class.\nThe occurrence of pinnatoxins in North American shellfish further\nhighlights the international distribution of these toxins.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.051 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".