Description of Thecadinium mucosum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new sand-dwelling, marine dinoflagellate, and an emended description of Thecadinium inclinatum Balech.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new thecate, phototrophic, marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate, Thecadinium mucosum Hoppenrath et Taylor sp. nov., is described from a culture isolated from Boundary Bay, British Columbia, Canada. It is illustrated with light microscopy as well as scanning- and transmission-electron microscopy, and its position in the phylogenetic tree of dinoflagellates is investigated using molecular methods. Cells are asymmetrical, oval, laterally flattened and strongly pigmented, with the plate formula P 3' 1a 6'' 7/8c 5s 6''' 2''''. Thecal plates are smooth with scattered pores, and there is a distinctive anterior intercalary plate that could be involved in mucus secretion. Thecadinium inclinatum Balech (= Sabulodinium inclinatum (Balech) Saunders et Dodge), a thecate, marine, sand-dwelling species that has been previously confused with what we now call T. mucosum, was also examined and illustrated through light- and scanning electron microscopy. New information on T. inclinatum is provided, including its plate formula: P 3' 6'' 7c ?s 5''' 1p 1''''; we consider T. inclinatum to be related to most other Thecadinium species and not to Sabulodinium. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the small subunit ribosomal gene of T. mucosum, T. kofoidii (the type species of the genus) and T. dragescoi weakly support earlier suspicions based on morphology that T. dragescoi is not a member of Thecadinium. Tabulational patterns of the species suggest a relationship to the genus Amphidiniopsis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".