Characterizing GATA6+ cells in the kidney
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Globally, acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) cause an estimated 13 million and 700 million cases/year, and 1.7 million and 1.2 million deaths/year, respectively. Kidney disease is the result of many different insults. Kidney injury promotes the recruitment and proliferation of different leukocyte populations, including macrophages to the kidney that play a major role in disease pathogenesis. Recruitment of resolution and reparative macrophages induce anti-inflammatory responses and promote kidney repair, but the characteristics of these cell populations are not clearly defined. GATA6+ macrophages had been reported to facilitate tissue repair following injury in organs other than the kidney. However, whether GATA6+ macrophages are resolution and repair macrophages in the kidney is not known. Using immunofluorescence imaging, flow cytometry, and nCounter transcriptome techniques, we assessed GATA6+ cells in normal and diseased kidney of mouse and human while probing common tissue macrophage markers specifically CD206+ and CD163+ as a benchmark. We showed that both CD206+ and CD163+ macrophages were detectable in normal and diseased mouse and human kidney. In mouse, both CD206+ and CD163+ macrophages were upregulated in various kidney compartments especially during CKD. Whereas in human, CD206+ and CD163+ macrophages appeared to be resident in the kidney and upregulated in diseased states. Using the same technique, significant population of GATA6+ cells were identified in mouse and human kidney particularly during CKD. GATA6+ cells were mainly localized in the tubulointerstitial area of the kidney cortex. In mouse and human kidney, the majority of GATA6+ cells did not co-express common leukocyte/macrophage markers. Conversely, in mouse and human CKD, GATA6+ cells mostly co-expressed the stromal cell marker αSMA. Using nCounter transcriptome profile of mouse samples, GATA6+ cells represented a distinct non-immune cell population that expressed genes associated with stromal cell identity, inflammation regulation, angiogenesis and collagen biosynthesis. The role of GATA6+ cells in CKD will require further exploration to unravel specific pathological and/or repair mechanisms that may lead to improved management of kidney disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".