The origin of the tetrapod wrist revealed by 3D virtual palaeohistology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When did tetrapods acquire a wrist? Was the wrist formation a gradual process or a rapid innovation during the fin-to-limb transition? We don’t know exactly. We know that the wrist forms from the aggregation of short bones but their emergence and evolution are still unclear. Bone microanatomy and microstructure is an excellent source of developmental information to address our questions, but the rarity of fossils and the destructiveness of sectioning techniques have rendered the histological investigation impossible. In order to fill our knowledge gap on the origin of this key joint region, we propose to image the appendages of 380-300-My-old unique stem tetrapods emblematic of the so-called fin-to-limb transition. Using a multiscale approach with propagation phase-contrast synchrotron microtomography, we will be able to collect data on key fossils to draw a complete picture of this great evolutionary event at the origin of the remarkable radiation of tetrapods worldwide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.024 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".