Bibliographic record
Abstract
A dataset containing 6768915 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "BasisOfRecord is one of (Observation, Machine Observation, Human Observation, Material sample, Material citation, Living Specimen, Occurrence evidence)", "Continent is North America", "Country is one of (United States of America, Canada)", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", "TaxonKey is one of (Ursus malayanus Raffles, 1822, Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758, Phoca vitulina vitulina, Phoca vitulina richardsi (Gray, 1864), Phoca hispida Schreber, 1775, Phoca groenlandica Erxleben, 1777, Neophoca cinerea (Péron, 1816), Isurus paucus Guitart, 1966, Hystrix cristata Linnaeus, 1758, Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758, Capromys pilorides (Say, 1822), Alouatta fusca (É.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812), Wallabia bicolor (Desmarest, 1804), Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758), Varecia variegata (Kerr, 1792), Varecia rubra (É.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812), Trachypithecus auratus (É.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812), Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758, Somateria mollissima (Linnaeus, 1758), Setonix brachyurus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830), Saimiri boliviensis (I.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & de Blainville, 1834), Saguinus oedipus (Linnaeus, 1758), Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758), Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758), Procavia capensis (Pallas, 1766), Pongo abelii Lesson, 1827, Planigale maculata (Gould, 1851), Pithecia pithecia (Linnaeus, 1766), Petrogale xanthopus Gray, 1854, Papio hamadryas (Linnaeus, 1758), Pan troglodytes (Blumenbach, 1775), Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766), Mandrillus sphinx (Linnaeus, 1758), Macropus rufus (Desmarest, 1822), Macropus parma Waterhouse, 1846, Macropus fuliginosus (Desmarest, 1817), Macropus eugenii (Desmarest, 1817), Macaca sylvanus (Linnaeus, 1758), Macaca mulatta (Zimmermann, 1780), Macaca fuscata (Blyth, 1875), Macaca fascicularis (Raffles, 1821), Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820), Lemur catta Linnaeus, 1758, Larus argentatus Pontoppidan, 1763, Isoodon obesulus (Shaw, 1797), Hylobates lar (Linnaeus, 1771), Helarctos malayanus (Raffles, 1822), Gorilla beringei beringei, Gazella thomsonii Günther, 1884, Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777, Eulemur fulvus mayottensis (Schlegel, 1866), Dolichotis patagonum (Zimmermann, 1780), Dasyurus maculatus (Kerr, 1792), Colobus guereza Rüppell, 1835, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815), Chinchilla lanigera Bennett, 1829, Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758, Cebuella pygmaea (Spix, 1823), Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820, Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758), Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758, Canis latrans Say, 1823, Canis aureus moreotica I.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835, Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758, Callosciurus prevostii (Desmarest, 1822), Callithrix pygmaea (Spix, 1823), Cacatua galerita (Latham, 1790), Ateles fusciceps Gray, 1866, Alouatta clamitans Cabrera, 1940)", "Year 2000-2025" ] } The dataset includes 6768915 records from 95 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0004710-250325103851331/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.319 | 0.397 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".