Bibliographic record
Abstract
A dataset containing 29165387 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is Canada", "StateProvince is British Columbia", "TaxonKey is one of (Acanthis flammea (Linnaeus, 1758), Actitis macularius (Linnaeus, 1766), Aechmophorus clarkii (Lawrence, 1858), Aechmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence, 1858), Aeronautes saxatalis (Woodhouse, 1853), Aix sponsa (Linnaeus, 1758), Alauda arvensis Linnaeus, 1758, Alca torda Linnaeus, 1758, Alle alle (Linnaeus, 1758), Ammodramus savannarum (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Ammospiza leconteii (Audubon, 1844), Ammospiza nelsoni (J.A.Allen, 1875), Animalia, Animalia, Anas acuta Linnaeus, 1758, Anas crecca Linnaeus, 1758, Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758, Anas rubripes Brewster, 1902, Anser albifrons (Scopoli, 1769), Anser brachyrhynchus Baillon, 1834, Anser caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758), Anser rossii Cassin, 1861, Anthus rubescens (Tunstall, 1771), Anthus spragueii (Audubon, 1844), Antigone canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758), Antrostomus carolinensis (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Antrostomus vociferus (A.Wilson, 1812), Archilochus alexandri (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846), Archilochus colubris (Linnaeus, 1758), Ardea alba Linnaeus, 1758, Ardea herodias Linnaeus, 1758, Ardea ibis Linnaeus, 1758, Ardenna bulleri (Salvin, 1888), Ardenna carneipes (Gould, 1844), Ardenna creatopus (Coues, 1864), Ardenna gravis (O'Reilly, 1818), Ardenna grisea (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Ardenna tenuirostris (Temminck, 1836), Arenaria interpres (Linnaeus, 1758), Arenaria melanocephala (Vigors, 1829), Aythya affinis (Eyton, 1838), Aythya americana (Eyton, 1838), Aythya collaris (Donovan, 1809), Aythya fuligula (Linnaeus, 1758), Aythya marila (Linnaeus, 1761), Aythya valisineria (A.Wilson, 1814), Baeolophus bicolor (Linnaeus, 1766), Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein, 1812), Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot, 1808, Bombycilla garrulus (Linnaeus, 1758), Botaurus Stephens, 1819, Botaurus lentiginosus (Rackett, 1813), Brachyramphus marmoratus (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Branta bernicla (Linnaeus, 1758), Branta canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758), Branta hutchinsii (Richardson, 1832), Branta leucopsis (Bechstein, 1803), Bucephala albeola (Linnaeus, 1758), Bucephala clangula (Linnaeus, 1758), Bucephala islandica (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Butorides virescens (Linnaeus, 1758), Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger, 1885, Calcarius lapponicus (Linnaeus, 1758), Calcarius ornatus (J.K.Townsend, 1837), Calcarius pictus (Swainson, 1832), Calidris acuminata (Horsfield, 1821), Calidris alba (Pallas, 1764), Calidris alpina (Linnaeus, 1758), Calidris bairdii (Coues, 1861), Calidris canutus (Linnaeus, 1758), Calidris fuscicollis (Vieillot, 1819), Calidris himantopus (Bonaparte, 1826), Calidris maritima (Brünnich, 1764), Calidris mauri (Cabanis, 1857), Calidris melanotos (Vieillot, 1819), Calidris minutilla (Vieillot, 1819), Calidris ptilocnemis (Coues, 1873), Calidris pusilla (Linnaeus, 1766), Calidris subruficollis (Vieillot, 1819), Calidris virgata (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Calonectris borealis (Forster, 1772), Calypte anna (R.Lesson, 1829), Cardellina canadensis (Linnaeus, 1766), Cardellina pusilla (A.Wilson, 1811), Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Catharus bicknelli (Ridgway, 1882), Catharus fuscescens (Stephens, 1817), Catharus guttatus (Pallas, 1811), Catharus minimus (Lafresnaye, 1848), Catharus ustulatus (Nuttall, 1840), Catherpes mexicanus (Swainson, 1829), Centronyx bairdii (Audubon, 1844), Centronyx henslowii (Audubon, 1829), Cepphus columba Pallas, 1811, Cepphus grylle (Linnaeus, 1758), Cerorhinca monocerata (Pallas, 1811), Certhia americana Bonaparte, 1838, Chaetura pelagica (Linnaeus, 1758), Chaetura vauxi (J.K.Townsend, 1839), Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus, 1758, Charadrius melodus Ord, 1824, Charadrius semipalmatus Bonaparte, 1825, Charadrius vociferus Linnaeus, 1758, Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus, 1758), Chondestes grammacus (Say, 1822), Chordeiles minor (J.R.Forster, 1771), Chroicocephalus philadelphia (Ord, 1815), Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766), Cinclus mexicanus Swainson, 1827, Cistothorus palustris (A.Wilson, 1810), Cistothorus stellaris (J.F.Naumann, 1823), Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Coccothraustes vespertinus (W.Cooper, 1825), Coccyzus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758), Coccyzus erythropthalmus (A.Wilson, 1811), Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), Contopus cooperi (Nuttall, 1831), Contopus sordidulus P.L.Sclater, 1859, Contopus virens (Linnaeus, 1766), Corthylio calendula (Linnaeus, 1766), Coturnicops noveboracensis (Gmelin, 1789), Cyanecula svecica (Linnaeus, 1758), Cygnus buccinator Richardson, 1831, Cygnus columbianus (Ord, 1815), Cygnus olor (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Cypseloides niger (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnaeus, 1758), Dryobates albolarvatus (Cassin, 1850), Dryobates pubescens (Linnaeus, 1766), Dryobates villosus (Linnaeus, 1766), Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Dumetella carolinensis (Linnaeus, 1766), Egretta caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758), Egretta thula (Molina, 1782), Empidonax alnorum Brewster, 1895, Empidonax difficilis S.F.Baird, 1858, Empidonax flaviventris (W.M.Baird & S.F.Baird, 1843), Empidonax hammondii (Xantus de Vesey, 1858), Empidonax minimus (W.M.Baird & S.F.Baird, 1843), Empidonax oberholseri A.R.Phillips, 1939, Empidonax traillii (Audubon, 1828), Empidonax virescens (Vieillot, 1818), Empidonax wrightii S.F.Baird, 1858, Eremophila alpestris (Linnaeus, 1758), Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus, 1758), Fratercula cirrhata (Pallas, 1769), Fratercula corniculata (J.F.Naumann, 1821), Fulica americana Gmelin, 1789, Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761), Gallinago delicata (Ord, 1825), Gallinula galeata (Lichtenstein & Mhc, 1818), Gavia adamsii (G.R.Gray, 1859), Gavia immer (Brunnich, 1764), Gavia pacifica (Lawrence, 1858), Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan, 1763), Geothlypis philadelphia (A.Wilson, 1810), Geothlypis tolmiei (J.K.Townsend, 1839), Geothlypis trichas (Linnaeus, 1766), Grus americana (Linnaeus, 1758), Haematopus bachmani Audubon, 1838, Haematopus palliatus Temminck, 1820, Haemorhous cassinii (S.F.Baird, 1854), Haemorhous mexicanus (P.L.Statius Müller, 1776), Haemorhous purpureus (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Helmitheros vermivorum (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Himantopus mexicanus (P.L.S.Müller, 1776), Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758, Histrionicus histrionicus (Linnaeus, 1758), Hydrobates furcatus (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Hydrobates leucorhous (Vieillot, 1818), Hydrocoloeus minutus (Pallas, 1776), Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas, 1770), Hylocichla mustelina (Gmelin, 1789), Icteria virens (Linnaeus, 1758), Icterus bullockii (Swainson, 1827), Icterus galbula (Linnaeus, 1758), Icterus spurius (Linnaeus, 1766), Ixoreus naevius (Gmelin, 1789), Junco hyemalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Lanius borealis Vieillot, 1808, Lanius ludovicianus Linnaeus, 1766, Larus argentatus Pontoppidan, 1763, Larus brachyrhynchus Richardson, 1831, Larus californicus Lawrence, 1854, Larus canus Linnaeus, 1758, Larus delawarensis Ord, 1815, Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758, Larus glaucescens J.F.Naumann, 1840, Larus glaucoides B.Meyer, 1822, Larus heermanni Cassin, 1852, Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus, 1767, Larus marinus Linnaeus, 1758, Larus occidentalis Audubon, 1839, Leiothlypis celata (Say, 1822), Leiothlypis peregrina (A.Wilson, 1811), Leiothlypis ruficapilla (A.Wilson, 1811), Leucophaeus atricilla (Linnaeus, 1758), Leucophaeus pipixcan (Wagler, 1831), Leucosticte tephrocotis (Swainson, 1832), Limnodromus griseus (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Limnodromus scolopaceus (Say, 1822), Limosa fedoa (Linnaeus, 1758), Limosa haemastica (Linnaeus, 1758), Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus, 1758, Loxia leucoptera J.F.Gmelin, 1789, Mareca americana (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Mareca penelope (Linnaeus, 1758), Mareca strepera (Linnaeus, 1758), Melanerpes carolinus (Linnaeus, 1758), Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758), Melanerpes lewis (G.R.Gray, 1849), Melanitta americana (Swainson, 1832), Melanitta deglandi (Bonaparte, 1850), Melanitta perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758), Melospiza georgiana (Latham, 1790), Melospiza lincolnii (Audubon, 1834), Melospiza melodia (A.Wilson, 1810), Mergus merganser Linnaeus, 1758, Mergus serrator Linnaeus, 1758, Mimus polyglottos (Linnaeus, 1758), Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus, 1766), Morus bassanus (Linnaeus, 1758), Motacilla tschutschensis Gmelin, 1789, Myadestes townsendi (Audubon, 1838), Myiarchus crinitus (Linnaeus, 1758), Numenius americanus Bechstein, 1812, Numenius borealis (J.R.Forster, 1772), Numenius phaeopus (Linnaeus, 1758), Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus, 1758), Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl, 1820), Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus, 1758), Oporornis agilis (A.Wilson, 1812), Oreoscoptes montanus (J.K.Townsend, 1837), Oxyura jamaicensis (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Pagophila eburnea (Phipps, 1774), Parkesia motacilla (Vieillot, 1809), Parkesia noveboracensis (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Passerculus sandwichensis (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Passerella iliaca (Merrem, 1786), Passerina amoena (Say, 1822), Passerina cyanea (Linnaeus, 1766), Patagioenas fasciata (Say, 1822), Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (Vieillot, 1817), Phalaenoptilus nuttallii (Audubon, 1844), Phalaropus fulicarius (Linnaeus, 1758), Phalaropus lobatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Phalaropus tricolor (Vieillot, 1819), Pheucticus ludovicianus (Linnaeus, 1766), Pheucticus melanocephalus (Swainson, 1827), Phoebastria albatrus (Pallas, 1769), Phoebastria immutabilis (Rothschild, 1893), Phoebastria nigripes (Audubon, 1839), Picoides arcticus (Swainson, 1832), Picoides dorsalis S.F.Baird, 1858, Pinicola enucleator (Linnaeus, 1758), Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758), Pipilo maculatus Swainson, 1827, Piranga ludoviciana (A.Wilson, 1811), Piranga olivacea (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Piranga rubra (Linnaeus, 1758), Plectrophenax nivalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Plegadis chihi (Vieillot, 1817), Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus, 1766), Pluvialis dominica (P.L.S.Müller, 1776), Pluvialis fulva (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Pluvialis squatarola (Linnaeus, 1758), Podiceps auritus (Linnaeus, 1758), Podiceps grisegena (Boddae
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.282 | 0.411 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".