Zinovii Isaevich Grzhebin, 1877-1929
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zinovii Isaevich Grzhebin, (1877-1929) - well-known Russian publisher, painter, and grafic artist. Born VII.1877 in Chuguev, the region of Khar'kov. Died in Vanvey (near Paris) 4.II.1929. Зиновий Исаевич Гржебин, (1877-1929) - известный русский издатель, художник и график. Родился VII.1877 в г. Чугуев Харьковской губернии. Умер 4.II.1929 в городе Ванве недалеко от Парижа. 1899 - graduated from Kharkov art school; 1899-1905 - studied at Holoshi School in Munich (together with M. Dobuzhinskii and I. Grabar') and in Paris. In Munich Grzhebin met with German caricaturists, T. Heine, B. Paul, R. Wilke, and others, who were working in the journal "Simplicissimus" banned in Russia; 1905 - returned to Russia with the intention to publish a satirical journal and began working with M. Gorky; December 1905-January 1906 - published three issues of the journal "Zhupel" (Bugbear). The famous pictures in the first issue were Grzhebin's parody of the Russian coat of arms and caricature of Nikolai II, "Orel-oboroten' ili politika vneshniaia i vnutrenniaia" (Eagle-Werewolf [Shape-shifter] or Domestic and Foreign Policy);; December 1906 - was arrested and sentenced to one year in prison for "disrespecting the Imperial authority" (the second and third issues of "Zhupel" were supposed to be completely destroyed); 1906 - published caricatures of important government officials in the journal "Adskaia pochta" (Hellish Post) launched from spring 1906 in the place of "Zhupel" (Bugbear); 1907-1916 - together with S.Iu. Kopel'man established a private publishing house "Brier," which published literary almanacs, "Severnye sborniki" (Northern Collections) (1907-1911), "Sborniki literatury i iskusstva" (Collections of Literature and Art), and Blok's "Liricheskie dramy" (Lyrical Dramas); 1907-1912 - was in charge of the publishing house "Panteon" (Pantheon), which specialized in publishing new translations of the best works of world literature; 1916 - participated with Gorky in creating the publishing house "Parus" (Sail) and the newspaper "Novaia zhizn'" (New Life);; 1918 - prepared a collection for children "Elka" (Christmas Tree); August 1918 - organized a publishing house "Vsemirnaia literatura" (World Literature) together with Gorky, A. Tikhonov, and I. Ladyzhnikov; 1918-1919 - was the editor and publisher of the journal "Otechestvo" (Fatherland); 1919 - founded "Izdatel'stvo Z.I. Grzhebina" (The Publishing House of Z.I. Grzhebin) with Maxim Gorky as its actual leader; 1920-21 - experienced attacks on his publishing house for being "ideologically alien" (V. Nevskii) and even "counterrevolutionary" (Lenin); 1921 - was allowed by the Politbiuro to emigrate to Berlin with his family where he started a branch of his publishing house and published some works acquired from authors in 1918-1920; end of 1923 - moved to Paris with his family after the bankruptcy of his publishing house due to the Soviet ban on the importation of foreign books; February 1924 - accused of espionage for the Bolsheviks; 1924-1928 - had financial problems and was able to stay in France despite his tax debt because of Gorky's material support; 1929 - died from a heart attack. 1899 - oкончил Харьковское художественное училище; 1899–1905 - учился в школе Ш. Холлоши в Мюнхене (вместе с М. Добужинским и И. Грабарем) и в Париже. В Мюнхене познакомился с немецкими художниками-карикатуристами, группировавшимися вокруг запрещенного к распространению в России сатирического журнала “Симплициссимус” - Т. Гейне, Б. Паулем, Р. Вильке и др; 1905 - вернулся в Россию с намерением издавать сатирический журнал и начал сотрудничество с М. Горьким; декабрь 1905 - январь 1906 - издал 3 номера журнала "художественной сатиры" "Жупел" (среди рисунков первого номера выделялась пародия Г. на российский герб и карикатура на Николая II "Орел-оборотень, или политика внешняя и внутренняя");; декабрь 1906 - арестован и приговорен к одному году тюрьмы за "дерзостное неуважение к верховной власти" (2-й и 3-й номера "Жупела" подлежали "полному истреблению"); 1906 - опубликовал карикатуры на высших сановников в журнале "Адская почта", выходившем с весны 1906 вместо "Жупела"; 1907-1916 вместе с С.Ю. Копельманом основал частное издательство "Шиповник", выпускавшее литературно-художественные альманахи, а также "Северные сборники" (1907-1911), "Сборники литературы и искусства" и "Лирические драмы" А. А. Блока; 1907–1912 - руководил издательством "Пантеон", которое специализировалось на издании новых переводов лучших произведений мировой литературы; 1916 - участвовал вместе с Горьким в создании издательства "Парус" и газеты "Новая жизнь";; 1918 - подготовил сборник для детей "Елка"; август 1918 - организовал вместе с Горьким, А. Тихоновым и И. Ладыжниковым издательство "Всемирная литература"; 1918-1919 - был редактором-издателем журнала "Отечество"; 1919 - основал "Издательство З.И. Гржебина", фактическим руководителем которого был Максим Горький; 1920-21 - нападки на его издательство как на "идеологически чуждое" (В. Невский) и даже "контрреволюционное" (Ленин); 1921 - уехал с семьей c разрешения Политбюро ЦК РКП (б) за границу в Берлин, где учредил филиал своего издательства и выпустил в свет часть рукописей, приобретённых у авторов в 1918—1920 годах; в конце 1923 - переехал c семьей в Париж после финансового краха издательства из-за запрещения ввозить в Советскую Россию книги, изданные за границей; февраль 1924 - обвинен в шпионаже в пользу большевиков; 1924–1928 - крайне нуждался и избежал высылки из Франции за неуплату налога благодаря материальной поддержке Горького; 1929 - умер от разрыва сердца.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".