Cumulative effects of environmental conditions and mercury exposure on laying phenology and incubation behaviour
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Wildlife are exposed to many simultaneous stressors, the effects of which are amplified along with increasing human activity globally. In Arctic regions, more severe weather systems, increasing air and ocean temperatures, and exposure to environmental contaminants all represent stressors occurring simultaneously. While seabirds are expected to be at risk of adverse effects from these individual stressors, few studies have researched their combined impacts on breeding behaviour and reproductive success. Therefore, we examined the interactive effects of air temperature, wind speed and mercury (Hg) contamination (via first-laid egg) on laying phenology and incubation behaviour in female common eiders (Somateria mollissima, Mitiq) nesting at Canada's largest Arctic breeding colony (East Bay (Mitivik) Island) from 2016-2019. Exposure to higher pre-breeding air temperatures resulted in females with higher egg Hg concentrations laying earlier than those with lower Hg levels. Furthermore, examination of 190 days of incubation behaviour from 61 eiders across two years showed that nest-level air temperature exposure had the most significant effect on incubation behaviour, with higher air temperatures correlating with more interruptions. Importantly, interactive exposure to higher air temperatures and higher Hg concentrations was related to increased incubation interruptions at a greater effect level than just air temperature alone. Although previous research has shown that warmer spring temperatures may relieve constraints on lower quality females, giving them more time to gain in body condition to successfully lay, our results suggest these females face stronger cumulative costs during incubation in warmer years, especially if they have higher contaminant loads. Our study highlights the potential interactive mechanisms, driven by human-induced environmental changes, that may impact overall individual and colony reproductive success in Arctic seabirds, especially within the context of increasing environmental and predator pressures. Authors: Reyd Smith¹, Saya Albonaimi¹, Holly Hennin², Grant Gilchrist², Jérôme Fort³, Kyle Parkinson¹, Jennifer Provencher², Oliver Love¹ ¹University of Windsor, ²Environment and Climate Change Canada, ³Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs)
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it