Cladophora biomass and supporting data collected in the Great Lakes, 2024 (ver. 2.0, February 2026)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This dataset records Cladophora and associated benthic algae, collectively the Cladophora community or submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), biomass collected during the growing season of 2024 at stations located along the U.S. shoreline of Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. It also records a variety of supporting data collected at Cladophora measurement stations. These supporting data include: - seasonal time series of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), currents, wave action, temperature, specific conductivity, turbidity, pH, phycocyanin, chlorophyll, and dissolved oxygen from moored sensors at a subset of stations; - measurements of Secchi disk depth and water chemistry; - water column profiles of PAR, temperature, specific conductivity, turbidity, pH, phycocyanin, chlorophyll, and dissolved oxygen; - diver observations of SAV, dreissenid mussels, round goby abundance, and substrate properties; - measurements of dreissenid mussel abundance and size class distribution coincident with SAV biomass; - nutrient content of SAV, dreissenid mussels, and sediments; - and information about sampling locations and operations. Similar data were collected at several of the same Sentinel transects within four Great Lakes in 2018- 2023 are available at (2018) https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E570JS, (2019) https://doi.org/10.5066/P99O4QXB, (2020) https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O9FSTT, (2021) https://doi:10.5066/P9449EUF, and (2022) https://doi.org/10.5066/P13JDUMH, (2023) https://doi.org/10.5066/P13AENJS. This 2024 data release includes new stations sampled for the Spawning Whitefish and Invasive Mussels (SWIM, www.glc.org/work/swim ) project in Lakes Michigan and Huron as well as the Sentinel transects. This is a revised version of the 2024 data release; all changes are described in the ReleaseHistory_Cladophora2024_v2.txt. First posted: July 25, 2025, ver. 1.0 Revised: July 29, 2025, ver. 1.1 Revised: February 2026, ver. 2.0
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".